I'm sure you're probably aware of Volcom -
you'll have seen the likes of Geoff Rowley, David Gonzalez and Dennis
Busenitz throw themselves off (and up) all sorts of things on skateboards in their
clothes for years now - but I'm not sure you know about their
in-house record label, Volcom Entertainment. They've been putting out
music via downloads, CDs and - most importantly - records, for years
now. Since so many bands I like have had music out on Volcom -
bands like Turbonegro, Riverboat Gamblers, Valient Thorr, High
on Fire, Melvins, Harvey Milk, Tweak Bird, RTX, Andrew WK, Earthless, Kurt
Vile, Torche, Best Coast and Saint Vitus - I thought we should find out what's
going on. I tracked down the label's boss man, Mike Nobrega, at their
Costa Mesa HQ to find out what the deal is...
Which came first for Volcom, the record label or the clothes?What do you do there?
The
apparel brand started in '91, and the label pretty much came together
as a fully thought out thing in '95. Eleven years ago I was hired in to
work here. The label had got some notoriety through this band CKY - and
some other things - and some major labels came along and wanted to do a
deal where Volcom Entertainment we kind of be like a repertoire source,
and develop artists that would go on to maybe be at the major label.
That's where I came in, and where we really got a lot more organised as
far as areas a typical 'record label' would handle. The sales and
marketing, the repertoire, the development, managing the catalogue...
All of the things like that.
So you're doing the hard work for the majors? Are you not in danger of having loads of artists just pass through?
No,
no. At the time, that was kind of the model, but we're not under that
model any more. That went away in the late '00s. Maybe around 2007 or
so. The situation with labels in the US became more dire. Labels went
out of business, and you've seen over the years how it went from six
giant major labels to five, to four and so on. So as we gained more
independence, our bands actually stayed with us for longer. Valient
Thorr have been with us since 2004, and we're about to start working on
our fifth album with them. So quite the opposite happened in a way. The
bands we'd been working with, from a development standpoint, actually
ended up staying longer. Probably because the demands on their success
we not as overblown as they would have been with a major label. A major
label wants success straight away, and that's why so many bands get
dropped, and careers get ruined because of that. Because we're part of
this big brand, and we're a unique hybrid, we have a bit more space and a
bit more breathing room to let people grow.
So it does it help that you're an independent label with the backing of a giant brand?
To
a degree. From a financial standpoint, we're not a 'deep pocket' kind
of thing. We're pretty frugal with the bands, we try to make really good
financial decisions that are good for the bands down the road for
years. The old system, where a band would take a large advance or
something, you're really just taking a huge loan and putting yourself
into debt immediately. That's just not a good way to go. It's better to
be more financially responsible so that further down the road the artist
will get returns, even if they're small. But returns, as opposed to
anything they might gain having to get paid back because it all went out
in the beginning. We're a small team here, but we work well together
and we try to run our operation as honestly and realistically as
possible. I think that's what appeals to a band like Torche, say. We
signed Torche about this time last year, and released their album in
April, and it was extremely successful for us. Really beyond what we had
anticipated. All the bands are great to work with. They're all really
good people.
There's been some really good stuff out on the 7" Singles Club. How did that come about?
That
was this guy Kurt Midness, that was his brainchild. He built it over
the years. He plays in a band called Black Bananas, and he has really
good taste in music. It's become really respected and renowned, and it's
something we're all very proud of. Everything from making the records,
to designing them, to curating the release - he's done all that stuff.
How independently does the Volcom label operate from the Volcom clothes brand? Do you pass each other in the corridor?
Oh,
absolutely. We're all in the same building. Our office is smack dab in
the middle of the creative area of the building. It's a pretty large
building, and there's a lot of people, but from a company standpoint we
are actually a separate company within the corporation. From a marketing
standpoint, and a branding standpoint, it all works together hand in
hand. To them, we're a component of marketing; and to us we're a label
to our artists. It all flows. We have our own autonomy over the label.
Honestly man, Volcom is a really great place to work. They foster
everybody's creativity and talent. They give you the room to do your
thing and to experiment, and I think that's what makes the brand
successful overall. I think you can see in the stuff that comes out of
Volcom that they really appreciate art.
What have your personal highlights been, as far as music that you've released?
Jeez,
there's a lot. Like I said, the bulk of our roster has really been here
as long as I've been here. Riverboat Gamblers and Valient Thorr and all
those things. Really, the highlight is just seeing them all grow! In
2004 Valient Thorr was just an obscure, weird little band from the
southern part of the US, with a loud voice and a crazy look, you know?
But seeing them develop, into a band that's toured the world, and is
known all over the world, that's a big highlight! I think the whole
thing is a highlight!
Cool. What can we expect from the label in 2013?
We're
gonna continue along with the Turbonegro record, and the relationship
there. That's been a relationship that the brand has had for a long
time, but we never had the opportunity to do records with them until
recently so we're very happy about that. They've got the fascinating
twenty year history so we're really happy to be working with them. That,
and Valient Thorr are going to be releasing a new record in the
summertime. They'll be touring all over the world. Then we've got some
new bands. There's a young band from Orange County called the Lovely Bad
Things; their first full length is coming up in February. Out of New
York we have a young bunch of guys called The Dirty Fences, and we're
doing their first full length this year too. So we have our long-term
artists that we're continuing to work with, then we've got some talent
that's coming up. It's a really nice mix.
The longest-standing band on the Volcom roster, Valient Thorr have
been making insane, raw, outer-galactic rock n' roll for the label since
2004. As the recording of their fifth album (and preparations for a
global tour) get underway, I spoke to leader and vocalist Valient
Himself...
Who are ValientThorr? We are. You can either look at is as five dudes who came here from the
planet Venus and ended up playing rock and roll to spread messages of
peace and tolerance to a war torn planet Earth, OR you can say we are
thousands of like minded people who understand what it means to be
humanitarians, judge not, mind our own business when it comes to 'wedge'
issues, help others always not matter what, and spread posi vibes the
world over.
What isValientThorr?
A collection of stories that we are actively living, hopefully leading
up to the eventual salvation of most of the human race through fast
music that tries to inspire others to exfoliate the bad and soak in the
good times.
You had a big summer of touring. Where did you get to? Did you see anybody cool?
We did US and Europe. Saw a lot of rad stuff. Some of my favorite
things was seeing Sean Kuti and Egypt 80 at Jazzfest in New Orleans,
Ivan Neville and Dumpstaphunk at Bonnaroo in Tennessee, The Obsessed,
Sleep, Danava and Voivod at Roadburn in Tilburg Netherlands, and
Orange Goblin were great at Desertfest in London. So many shows,
buddies, and crazy times, its really hard to remember it all. You have
to sit back and think really hard.
Who's the best band you've played with?
That's too tough of a question. We've played with so many good bands.
Known and unknown. I guess out of the known bands, some of the best
were Motörhead, Gogol Bordello, Mastodon and The Stooges. I think the best
bands I've ever seen were Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Melvins,
and Sean Kuti.
You're from Chapel Hill. There's a load of bands from Chapel Hill - who do you like from there, and who lets the place down?
I think my favorites from the old days are Archers of Loaf and Polvo.
I think some new bands to check out are Caltrop, T0w3rs, Black Skies
and Colossus. I wouldn't pay attention to any that let you down.
Raleigh is where a lot of us stay now too. We are spread out all over
NC. Demon Eye, Birds of Avalon, Thunderlip, Salvacion, Mountain
Thrower, The Dynamite Brothers, 2013 Wolves, Crusades and Bitter Resolve
are other great NC bands at the moment off the top of my head.
How did you get together with Volcom, and how did the split with High on Fire come about? We met Volcom reps and company dudes way back in 2003 after completing
our first album ourselves. We played a show with then recently signed
band ASG in Wilmington, and they asked us to do couple things, then
asked us to put out a record with them in '04. Then we quit our jobs and
lived on the road the next three years solid. Over the years we've made
countless buds. Volcom has a seven inch vinyl club and puts outtwelve splits a
year. We did one with HR from Bad Brains a few years back and then
when this came up, we've known Jeff since he played bass with Zeke, and
we've known Matt from a good number of years now. The suggestion to do
something like that was made two years before it happened when we were out
with Mastodon. Some times it takes a while for things to come to
fruition.
What are your three favourite movies made between 1980 and 1985?
That's
way too hard. But- If pressured, I'd say, number three Mad Max, number
two River's Edge and number one, Big Trouble in Little China.
What's the best album artwork you've ever seen?
Not afraid to ask the tough ones, huh? I don't know about favorite, but
I've always loved D.I. - Horse Bites Dog Cries. My brain hurts too
much to think of others.
What's the most injured you've seen somebody get at one of your shows?
Hmmm. I've seen a few chicks get clocked by Nitewolf's bass. I've
been knocked by guitars pretty bad before. The weirdest worst one I
guess was when we were in France at the end of a tour in like '08, the
music stops and all of a sudden I saw this kid come flying down to the
floor from the upper balcony. Like almost on my head, just missed the
stage. I immediately started laughing, then decided we better check if
he was OK. It was just so unexpected, I couldn't stop laughing. He
ended up being OK. 99% of the time, people are cool to each other at
our shows. I usually try to intervene quickly to squash quabbles and
try not to interrupt the show.
Mark Mothersbaugh does kids TV music. Can you see yourself doing that in the future?
I would love to. Even more than that, I would love to do voiceovers
for cartoons. I'm actively pursuing a voiceover career. So anyone out
there working production... I'm available.
Do you guys skate much?
I just cruise on a mini board, but Nitewolf rips and Eidan Thorr is still known to get down from time to time as well.
Are you annoyed or flattered that Chris Haslam stole your hair, your beard and your clothes?
Hahaha!
I don't think it was like that. I know Chris, he digs the band, we're
buds. I'm pretty sure it was a coincidence. He's said he gets people
yelling "Valient" to him, and when I skate around town in Costa Mesa, I've heard people yelling "Haslam" as I'm cruising by.
Mötley Crüe or Suicidal Tendencies?
Is that even a question? S-T baby! FuckMötley Crüe! Suicidal
Tendencies were a thousand times better the whole length of their careers.
Even their bad stuff is better.
Steve Albini or Bon Scott? Bon Scott. I mean, I like a couple Shellac songs, and he's a pretty good producer, but Bon Scott is Bon Scott!
What are your next plans?Are you coming back to the UK any time soon?It must be about time for another album...
I can't tell you anything except we are holed up working. You know us, we'll be back soon.
Born from the minds of the Wu-Tang Clan's Ghostface Killah and D-Block's Sheek Louch, the first album by their collaboration WuBlock
features Ghost and Sheek joined by Method Man, Raekwon, GZA, Mastah
Killah, Jadakiss, Styles P and Erykah Badu; so you can be assured it's a
banger. Essentially a full-blown Wu-Tang/D-Block collabo, it's
an album of exactly the kind of raw, original street genius you'd
expect from from this line-up of New York hip-hop royalty.
Ghostface has already said of it: "This is a unique street album
combination, like milk with oatmeal. And a dash of cinnamon. We got
killing on lock. It's like assassination day - nothing but darts being
thrown. It's like Batman and Robin shit. It's real street shit for the
fans. They've been thirstin' for this". Based on this description, I
thought I should ask him and Sheek what the deal is with WuBlock - and hip-hop in general.
So what's WuBlock? How did it come about? S: WuBlock is a
classic bunch of motherfuckers, it started with me and Ghost, running
around together and us having a respect for each other and getting on
each other's projects. We just figured out we had this whole body of
music, and said, "Yo, let's put some shit together and give the street
something that it's been missing", and other cats came about you know,
and just sprinkled their little bits and pieces everywhere. Classic
project, man. The Lox and Wu-Tang. Did you mean for it to be as big a thing as it is? S: What
up, what up - what I had I mind - I thought it was going to be me and
Ghost, and he just painted this picture man, like "Everybody's gonna be on this", then it just turned into something crazy. I give all that credit to Ghost.
G: If it's called WuBlock, it just makes sense. OK, you got D-Block,
you got Wu-Tang, we just merged all of that shit in one and just made a
bigger project. You know what I mean? Me and Sheek.
How does it work? I mean, who does what?
S: We're together a lot. Like when we're touring. Me and Ghost lay the
foundation, and then we'll say "Hey yo, Method Man will sound crazy
on this", and we'll get him in there, and he'll hear it, and tell us
what he think, and then we get Styles, and Jada, you know? We'll be
together a lot.
G: This ain't no pieced-together shit, because you can't just put
somebody on a certain track. That's coming from my side. If you don't
fit there, you can't get on that. It's like he said there. It's like
making clothes. That shit is tightly knitted, tightly stitched, you know
what I mean? Fine stitched with the right shit, the right
material. That's how we came out to make this great album. It's not just
thrown together. It's not "OK, you can rhyme. Get on that because you
can rhyme". Nah, nah. From who wrote the song, to the line-up of the
song, to the order of the song, to everything. Everything just gotta be
right, you know? That's what WuBlock is about right now. So this is definitely a collaboration, rather than a compilation? There's a fine line sometimes. G:
Our shit is homegrown. Even the stories we got on there, you can tell
we was all in there together, and how we feed off each other. When you
hear it you know. It's just crazy, man. Can you tell when you're writing a single, and when you're writing an album track? G: You might have an idea of what could be
a single, but for the most part when you finish that shit, when you
finish all that, that's when you look at it and go "OK, this is what it
is right here". When it's done. It's the streets and the producer of the
album that are really gonna pick your song. When you sit back and
listen to all the shit you did, one by one, that's when it's "Oh shit,
this one stands out a lot", you know? Then you make a radio mix, and there you go - you got it.
Anybody can make tracks nowadays and put them out on a blog or
whatever. What do you think about that? Is it detrimental to the overall
quality of hip-hop now? G: For me, hip-hop is 100% watered-down
right now. I have to say this. I love it, as far as the art, and for how
it gives motherfuckers a chance to get out there. Motherfuckers from
China, Japan, wherever, motherfuckers who would have been in trouble. As
an outlet, it's got me into movies and all kinds of shit. But the
watered-down part I'm talking about, there's no more thought process in
what motherfuckers are saying on the mic no more. Lyrically.
S: Right. Right. G: If the beat is hot, they'll call it a day. They
got their ringtone record, and they don't give a fuck about what they're
saying on all the rest of the album. There's no more creative
development, there's no more artist development now. You can't say to
rappers now "I love all your old shit". They've only got one record.
There's no substance to it. Everything is the same. Do you wanna sit
through an album with fourteen songs - and it's fourteen fuckin' club
records on it all day? To me, a great artist is one who can sit there,
and make great music, and through that music paint a picture. I don't
wanna be in the club for fourteen fuckin' records, because there's only
so much you can talk about on that shit. Your jewellery, your bitches,
your drugs, your cars. You know what I mean? Luxuries. And that's about
it. And you wanna give me that for fourteen records? I'll be like, "Nah,
tell me something!" Their struggle, tell me about that struggle shit.
Let me hear what you went through, or let me just hear your imagination.
That's what it's like with us, we have all that. We have records where
we're rhyming, we have records where we're just jivin' around, we have
stylistic records; we have Sheek, and Genius, and Masta Killa and it
just sounds beautiful.
I grew up listening to Wu-Tang, but this shit sounds really fresh. G:
Identification is a must, man, with this shit. Motherfuckers gotta
relate to you, and you don't wanna let them down but you gotta show 'em
growth on this shit, like where we been all this time. For the person
that loves real hip-hop, that's into not just lyrics, but everything
- style, whatever the case may be - you're gonna feed off that on this.
It's that time right now. What we gotta do is make sure that the masses
are aware of it, and we can just do the rest.
What do you think of artists playing full albums live - old albums - rather than making new music?
G: People do that?
Yeah man, GZA toured 'Liquid Swords'. Public Enemy did 'Nation of Millions'. G:Those are classics! You can't deny a classic.Music
is not how it used to be. Brothers are not pushing music like that,
where everybody got something new coming every year or whatever the case
may be. But that classic? That's what's left in people's minds.But
it's not even old people, I've been to shows where there's kids eleven
years old that are singing that shit. That's a plus! That means that you
got fans still coming out for your old, old shit.You can do this shit like the fuckin' Beatles, man!
S: Yeah. Forever. G: Ain't nothing wrong with it, to stay on top. For
those type of fans, you gotta keep givin' it to them. Like, I don't
wanna wait two years to do another album!Let me put out an album
in like a year, and inbetween that time let me just put songs out. Just
songs, and songs. Even if they're not on the album. But yo, make sure
you do an album release once a year. A year to eighteen months.
What about people who don't do that? When you've got Lil B and A$AP Rocky making a track that almost lasts a year. Do you think the art of the hip-hop album is dying?
G:
Pretty soon it's just gonna be all single deals. Remember I said that.
It's gonna be all single deals. Brothers like that, they're not ready to
put a whole project together. They just want to live through those
songs. They'll put it out when they get ready. Everybody's different.
Ain't nothin' gonna stay the same.Our thing is that we gotta remain who we are, but at the same time know when to adapt.You
have to learn to adapt. For example, when Marvin Gaye was doing all
that sexy shit, 'Let's Get It On', all that fly shit he was doin' back
in the day, there came a time where he went through a whole
period where he skipped off to fuckin' Europe to write songs. And by
that time the disco era was coming in. And he had to adapt to it. He
fucked around, and he made 'Sexual Healing' , but he didn't know that
'Sexual Healing' was gonna be that song, because everything was
changing. So he had people listening to it for him, and he was scared.
But then it came out and it did what it did. When times change,
sometimes you gotta change with the times, but still have your shit on
it, you know what I mean?You do what you do, but you gotta
recognise that it's a new wave now. And that's what's goin' on right now
with all this other shit, B.
Do you look forward to changing with the times? You guys kinda changed the times yourselves in the past.
G:
I'm always gonna keep my ear to the street. I'm not gonna become no-one
else, but I'm always gonna have my ear to the street. You have to, if
you're gonna stay in the game. When we get up to go today we're gonna
turn the radio on and see what the hottest beat is, so we can freestyle
to it. My friend, who's downstairs playing pool right now, I'll ask him
who's hot right now. And tomorrow he might tell you something different.
And then next week it's another rapper. It's that quick that it
changes. You gotta keep your ear to that shit, man.
Who's new that stands out to you?
G: I like J. Cole. Uncle Murda. Is Drake considered old or new?
Both, I think.
G: Yeah, he's somewhere in the middle. S: That's just going with the main shit. That's not the underground shit right there. G: Here's what it is. You got brothers, and they know how to rhyme
and stuff like that, so you can't sleep on 'em and shit, but the music
changed. It ain't just about samples and all that other shit, like how
it was back, back, back before. Now you have bigger beats now.It
sounds like there's a lot of different musics comin' in. You gotta
adapt. You gotta play that same card that they can play, but still keep
your cards, you feel me? A'ight, so say for instance you're doing an
album, and let's say you did do a radio record with them big-ass beats
or whatever the case may be, you still gotta have - on the rest of the
album - some of your shit that you know your people know you for.Or you're gonna lose 'em.
What's your next move, once the WuBlock album is out?
G: We got a lot of work. He's got the D-Block album to finish, and I'm gonna fuck around and finish my Supreme (Clientele) 'Blue & Cream' album.It's just a bunch of work we're gonna be doing. We're gonna keep it moving. But we're definitely gonna tour off this.
(Thanks again to the brilliant Andy Smoke for another rad illustration. Check out more of his genius - including some amazing mixes - at his blog, Little Lie Down.)
Existing as he does, as one of the most respected producers/MCs/lyricists in UK hip-hop, Jehst
can pretty much do whatever he likes. Hell, if he wanted to
make a concept album with his mate Kashmere based on 'Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas' - Hunter S.
Thompson's legendary seedy, corrupted, acid trip to the post-hippy dark heart of the supposed American dream - then who's to stop him? Nobody, that's who. And that
very album, 'Kingdom of Fear', is out now on his own YNR Productions
label.
Bite My Wire managed to get Jehst and Kashmere in the same
place for long enough to find out what the fuck is going on. Perhaps, if
they explain things, we'll rest easy...
Kashmere and Jehston drugs
How did Kingdom of Fear come about? Obviously you guys have worked together in the past...
J:
It's something that we both talked about. We were both working on
different projects, and it was at a time when rap in this country was
starting to get commercial. A lot of people had a lot of business
concerns wrapped up in the music, and creativity was getting slowed down
by all the politics and the business. We just wanted to get back to the
essence of making music in the moment, and enjoying the process, and it
actually not being preconceived. Like, what happened in the
session is that we'd do a track, and then we were onto the next thing. I
remember Kashmere saying at the time, that the reason an album is
called an album, is because it's a record of that time, in the way that a
photo album is an album. It shouldn't necessarily be a compilation of
ideas. I think nowadays, especially in rap, most albums are put together
on the basis of box-ticking. "We've got this producer, we've got this
collab..." And that was starting to be the case even with the UK
underground. We were just bored of everything. We didn't even know what
we were going to do. Kash brought the Hunter aspect - that concept - to
it.
K: A lot of people probably aren't going to get it by listening to it,
but this album was about agriculture. We're just trying to put it out
there, to tell everyone to support their local farms. Because without
farms, where are you? You know? What can you do? Life is just pointless
without farms.
So you just sat down to make an album, then Kash decided it'd be like this?
J:
Nah. I won a competition, and I got some free tickets to fly to Los
Angeles, and when we got to LA, we thought "Let's do a little road
trip", and we actually started living the Hunter S. Thompson lifestyle
without even realising we were doing it. Then once we realised it had
all been done before, and that we were just biters, we thought that if
we were going to be biters we might as well just be true to it. Like all
hip-hop goes back to the sample, and we stay true to where the original
idea came from, and we just said "Fuck it", and just ran with it. It
just became Kingdom of Fear.
K: Plus, it's really expensive to hire cars out there, you know?
J:
You know what they say, 'Don't drink and drive, smoke a spliff and fly
home'. That's actually where I made my millions. I've got a 25% share in
a t-shirt company based in Scarborough, and they were one of the first
people to actually print the 'Don't drink and drive, smoke a spliff and
fly home' t-shirts. I don't need rap music! I just do that shit for fun.
All that shit where I rap about being broke, what I mean is, I'm broke doing rap. Because that ain't paying me. I'm not being silly, I've got billions in the bank, off the t-shirts.
K: He doesn't like to show it off.
Yeah, you actually wouldn't think you were as rich as that.
J:
What I'm saying is, rhyme doesn't pay. Crime pays, and t-shirts pay
better. Merchandise is the future of the whole music industry. People
say that live shows are the future of the music industry, but the
reality is, we've got hologram-Snoop now.
K: Tupac.
J: Oh yeah, sorry - hologram-Tupac. Snoop's real, right? I
thought Tupac was still alive, and the hologram was just him revealing
that. Because Elvis is still alive, you know? He actually rents a room
from me in Brockley. I was confused because Snoop has now reincarnated
himself as a lion. I think Snoop's maybe been doing more drugs than we
have.
K: He kind of reminds me of the eighties TV show, 'Manimal'. Where the
guy could transform into different animals. And I think Snoop has really
shown people how it's done.
J: But Snoop is frontin', he's not being
true. He needs to do a video like Manimal, the way we did Kingdom of
Fear, and just say "Look, I'm biting my whole shit. I'm on a Manimal
thing". Do you remember Manimal?
I do, yep.
J: What about Trumpton? Do you remember Trumpton? Hell yeah man. K: Believer.
Right, Hunter S. Thompson is known for just how American he is. Was it easy to translate that into a UK hip-hop album? K: It wasn't hard, man. We just went to McDonald's, and got a bunch of
Big Macs. Because that's really the main American thing. McDonald's is
bigger than Hunter S. Thompson. That's on the real. Starbucks.
J: When I was growing up I just wanted to be a member of the A-Team.
Don't you any more?
J:
I am now. I'm B.A. Baracus. I'm Plan A. That's why Plan B's called Plan
B. But just look at B.A. Baracus. A lot of people don't realise this,
but my make-up artist is a genius. Eminem was blowing up around the time
I came out, so we figured out that if I whited myself up I'd sell more
records. If you saw my mum, you'd understand that I look a lot like B.A.
Baracus. As long as I don't wear the feather earring, then it's cool.
If I wear those feather earrings people are just hollering at me in the
street, going "Mr. T! Mr. T!" Some people think it's a gay thing. How is
that gay, dungarees and Converse? And a mohawk, and feather earrings?
And the gold chains?! Eric B and Rakim had gold chains, are you telling
me Eric B and Rakim are gay?
So now that we know how wealthy you are...
J: He's on Disability Allowance because he's a drug addict.
Did you take a lot of drugs making the album?
J: He wasn't a drug addict before we made the album! Hahaha! Mainly just Ajax.
When people like you two, and somebody like Dizzee, are obviously
multi-millionaires, what do you feel about people like Task Force who
are not?
J: I think Task Force should have invested more money in
their t-shirt printing. I used to wear the Grafdabusup t-shirt and the
Wha Blo t-shirt, but where Task Force went wrong, is that they spent to
much time trying to make good music, and writing good lyrics. Whereas if
I can refer to the artist you just named, I mean, he doesn't does he?
You can just leave his name blank, so we could be talking about anybody.
I'm being a bit silly, but let's be real - that's all it is. It's not
all about rap, or hip-hop, it's the same for any form of art. Any form
of artistic expression. You come into it thinking it's the industry for
making money from your art, and it's not. Everything's about celebrity
culture, everything's about fucking social-network-following, reality TV
bullshit. There's not really that much place for people who are trying
to do something from the heart, to make paper. I don't want to get too
into the politics. You know what, much love and respect to Task Force.
They were a huge influence on me, I love those guys. I love their shit. I
don't want to get too much into who did what, and what happened to who,
but we're from a time where people still looked at the type of music
that we do with the eyes that it would never, ever make anybody any
money. So it was never a concern for us. When we started making money it
was a surprise. And that spawned the generation that capitalised on the
opportunity to make money out of rap music, out of hip-hop culture or
whatever in the UK. So you had a generation where some guys came along
then disappeared real quickly, and some guys went on to make fortunes. A
lot of the guys who did make fortunes did it by changing up their whole
styles, and realising it's a business. That's all it is. I handle my
business because I gotta pay my rent and I gotta eat, but you know, fuck
business, fuck capitalism, fuck the 'indusrty' side of music. It's just
an industry like everything else, except you don't put on a shirt and
tie. That's the only difference. You put on some skinny jeans and some
fucking Blazers or whatever it is. Most of them have got office-job
mentality and I hate most people in the music industry. Even the ones
that I like. Can we go back to talking about Ajax?
Of course.
J: Ajax gets your whites whiter than the
leading brand. I won't get my payment if you don't print that. I've got
an investment in Ajax, along with the t-shirt company, but I don't like
to mix up the two businesses. They're two separate things.
Kashmere and Jehst in the Stockwell Arms. Photo by James Thompson.
The album only took two weeks to make. That's not very long. Did you rush it or something?
J:
It took two weeks to make, but then we sat on it for about twenty
years. And it took somebody about forty years to make a video for it.
K: For real, was it rushed? Nah, it didn't feel like it. I was rushin'.
J:
Yeah, we were rushin'! It was fun. The last solo album I did took six
years, that wasn't much fun. We produced the Steps comeback album. Take
That smashed it with the comeback album, so why can't Steps do it?
Because I'm their ghost writer, they've got a lot of new stuff ready to
go. And we produced a lot of their stuff with Shock G from Digital
Underground, he helped out a lot. And Hammer was our business
consultant. Do you remember Ya Kid K?
Yeah, from Technotronic.
J: Well Ya Kid K is now known as A$AP Rocky, I don't know if you know that. Wow. I did not know that. What are your plans for when this album comes out? Do you just sit back and watch the money roll in? K: The money has already rolled in, you know what I'm saying?
J: When the album comes out we have to start counting
the money. The problem is that we have to pay people to count the
money. It's really confusing, because we can't really budget how much we
have to pay these motherfuckers to count our money, until they've
counted the money.
K: When they start counting the money, that's when counting the money
gets serious. Because counting money, is counting money. And you've been
to the bank before, they're very serious in the bank. Because they're
counting that money.
J: Because of the financial arrangement we have with the money counters,
we have had to set up a Fritzl-style basement situation, to keep them
motivated to work. I can understand that.
J: I'm just
going to put this out, and this is an exclusive - if you sell this on
we'll sue you - when we removed Jimmy Saville's gravestone the other
night, we actually took that down into our Fritzl-style basement where
we keep our money counters, and showed them, and smashed it up in front
of them. We said "Your whole life could go the same as Jimmy. He thought
he'd got away with it. But we'll come back for you. Even in the grave".
So, you know, that helped to motivate the money counting.
Did you guys have much to do with the downfall of the late Jimmy Savile? I mean, you moved in similar circles...
J:
Hold up, I don't know if we can respond to that. We moved in the same
circles? I might have to talk to my lawyer about that. You know what,
I'm not going to say that we did, but also, I'm not going to say that we
didn't. It was crazy times. The seventies was a crazy time. Certain
things happened. We weren't aware of everything Jimmy was doing at the time.
So it just didn't seem wrong at the time?
J: You know
what, I never saw Jimmy in those kind of scenarios. We only ever went
out tracksuit shopping, or for a little bit of jewellery. We'd argue a
lot of the time, because what me and Jimmy had to do, we'd ring each
other before a night out, and say "You're not wearing that tracksuit,
are you?" because we'd always buy matching tracksuits.
K: Listen, Jehst always thought he was cool. I always thought he had a problem.
J: That's because he touched you.
K: I always kept my trousers on.
J: He touched you through your trousers. That's what I heard.
K: I wore a pair of boxer shorts, a pair of tracksuit bottoms, and a pair of jeans. And a chastity belt. Over the top of all of that. And a condom.
J:
You did wear all of that protective clothing, but then to put a thong
on over the top? I think you maybe gave him the wrong impression, and
the chastity belt did look a lot like a red codpiece. You look a lot
like Cameo! And I've never seen you both in the same place at the same
time. That's an exclusive. 'Kashmere and Cameo never seen in same place
at same time - YOU work it out'.
Torche,
of Miami, Florida, recently steamrolled their way across Europe to
celebrate the launch of their third album, 'Harmonicraft'. They make
this rad, super-heavy stoner/sludge pop music, and are now being adored
by the hipster indie press as much as they are by the metal community.
Suitably, everybody agrees that they're amazing. The new album is out on
Volcom, so I thought I should say hello.
Photograph by Gary Copeland
OK, introduce yourselves.
S: Steve Brooks. I sing and play guitar.
R: Rick Smith. I play drums.
A: Andrew Elstner. I play guitar and sing back ups. Jon is out eating. You've
been signed to Mogwai's Rock Action label in Europe. How did that
compare to a US label? How did you get hooked up with them?
R: In 2005 - or 2006 - we toured with Mogwai in the States, and on that
tour we became friends with them. I don't even remember how it came
about, but we somehow got an offer from them to do the European version
of our first full-length record. And we said "Hell Yeah." It was
awesome. I've been a Mogwai fan for a long while now, so when they asked
us if they could do the record we were excited about it. As far as the
experience goes, working with the label goes, we just let them run with
it and do their own thing with it.
Did you record it with them, at their studio?
R: No, we
did it in the States and a different record label, Robotic Empire,
actually released it in the States first. Then Mogwai released it in
Europe after. So it was already a recorded record. Both records they did
for us we already had recorded for another label already, they were
just doing the European licensed version. Are you going to do more with them?
R: Umm, at the moment
the labels we work with have European distribution pretty heavily, so
there's almost no need to, I guess, in some ways. But it was a cool
experience. They're awesome dudes, and the label is very cool too.
Is there a discernible difference between working with a
conventional label, run by musicians, and working with a label like
Volcom, which has kind of come to be through their dealings in
skateboarding and whatnot?Obviously they've been putting out some killer stuff recently...
R: Oh yeah.
S: Yep.
A: I think it's fuckin' awesome, the Volcom
thing. Obviously I have no experience - as the new dude in the band - as
to how Rock Action was as an experience, apart from total respect. With
Volcom - to be blunt - the reach is a little more broad and the pockets
are a little more deep. And it's a label that's part of a 'lifestyle'
company, you know? They've been selling clothing to skateboarders,
snowboarders and surfers since like, the eighties?
S: The nineties I think.
Yeah, the early nineties.
A: Yeah, so they've been fuckin' amazing. There's been no hassle. There's been nothing but positive support from those guys.
S:
Especially now, when it's hard to get the support that a lot of bands
used to get from labels. They're able to market us in different ways,
because of the different aspects of their company.
You're being interviewed for a skateboard magazine right now.
S: Yeah.
A: But they have money coming in from different things other than just records, so there's a little less pressure... In a positive way! It's not like it makes us lazy.
S: They gave us a good deal. And it's the same with all the other labels
we've been on, we really know the people we're working with. We're
friends with them and we trust them. They're pretty much of the same
mentality that everyone else has been.
I know the Melvins got a load of socks and suits from Volcom when
they did their record. Did you get anything cool? Did you go for a
trolley dash around the warehouse?
A: That's exactly what we did!
S: They cut me off! They cut me off because I took too much stuff.
A: When we first signed on with them it was like "OK, cool, we better do
some business-y stuff", but then - they have a factory store in Costa
Mesa - they just went "OK, take what you want, go crazy".
S: We had to ship stuff home. We were on tour at the time, and there was just so much stuff.
A: We grabbed fuck-ton of stuff. Jeans, socks, shirts, bags, luggage, hats, headphones, underwear, belts, sunglasses, towels...
S: We were broke, and most of the clothes I was wearing were so old, that I just got me this huge bag, like this
tall. Like $300 worth. The bag itself, I mean. The bag was about $300,
and I filled it. It was like a shopping spree. You put a bunch of broke
motherfuckers in there and tell them to go crazy?
A: By the time we were done they were like "Uh, OK. I think we should go now". We had these three huge boxes.
S: We had a pile, about the size of this room.
Photograph by Gary Copeland
What do you think of the UK?
R:
I love it. People seem really excited that we make the trip to come
out, so as long as people are excited, we're more than psyched to be
here. It's been two years since the last time we were out here, so I
feel that with these shows, the reaction from the crowd has been
awesome. everybody's super cool. I like the vibe. Especially after
touring the States so many times in the last couple of years - it's
refreshing.
A: During the day is cool too, you get to walk around and see some shit you'd never normally see. Like Nottingham Castle.
It's been four years since your last album. What have you been doing?
S: Every year we've put out something. We did the Songs For Singles EP,
we did the Boris split, we did the Part Chimp split last year. Basically
we spent last year writing this record. And recording it. And then it
took six months or something to get it out. And we tour a lot. In order
for us to make a living we have to stay on the road. This time we took a
lot of time off in order to write the record, and between recording the
record and having the record released we were just sitting at home, and
working regular jobs.
Is the band your day jobs now?
A: I want it to be. I'm not good at working in retail. I mean I can do it, I just don't care. I care about this, I don't care about that. I see you've got some XXXL shirts. Where do you sell those?
A: (Immediately) In the US.
R: It's an American thing because
there's a lot of fat-ass people in America. Occasionally you'll get a
ghetto-fabulous dude who wants to rock a XXXL t-shirt, you know? Out to
the nightclub or whatever. So you gotta have that too.
S: Or some little tiny girl what wants it as a nightshirt. Any time we
don't have them, there's always a bunch of people like "You don't have
XXXL? What the hell?!"
A: Only when you don't have them, there'll be some massive dude who's 6'8" and 350lbs, going "Aw, dude..."
R: They're fat here too though...
But people are ugly here! And drunk. I'd rather have fat people than ugly, drunk people everywhere.
R: Hahaha! Oh, man...
You make a point of declaring that you're not a metal band. Can you explain this?In what way are you not a metal band?
S: We're a band that's influenced by metal as well as punk, and rock and Middle-Eastern music. We don't think like metalheads.
A: We're just a hard rock band.
R:
A very open-minded hard rock band. I think bands like Bauhaus and Swans
are some of the heaviest shit ever, and they're not metal bands.
S: I love stuff that's influenced by Hüsker Dü, but I love
eighties metal and thrash - stuff I grew up on. I grew up listening to
Sabbath and Priest and Maiden and all that, then in the mid-eighties I
got into thrash. A lot of the San Fransisco Bay Area thrash bands, then
the whole rise of the underground and Florida death metal. Then in about
'88 I started venturing off and listening to different things. After
Clandestine by Entombed I was like "Everything great has been done". In
metal. For me. There are bands now, like High On Fire, and that's the kind of metal I like. Really raw, powerful metal.
A: The new High On Fire record is, to me, a fuckin' masterpiece. Dude
it's so good, it's just so right. It's super powerful, and it's kind of
meathead-ish without being stupid.
S: The drums sound unbelievable.
They sound like a fucking locomotive. Or if you're riding a wooden
rollercoaster. It's like DOOF DOOF DOOF DOOF.
R: It's cool when you hear a recording of them, and they're playing
metal, but it doesn't sound like they went to the same studio that every
other metal band went to, and had the same drum preset triggered in on
their drum kit, and the same guitar tone... It's unique. It sounds like them. It has room to breathe, it's not prog-y for the sake of being technical, you know?
S: That's what killed metal for me.
R: It's a pissing contest. It's
"Look how complicated we can be" but that shit's just not brutal
anymore. You don't want to hear this brutal song then all of a sudden
this guitar solo comes in and it's this beautiful thing, with all these
sweeps, and all that shit. Who else is doing metal right just now?You did that split with Boris, do you consider them to be a metal band?
R:
No way. I think they're a total rock band. They're an interesting band
too, they're kinda like the Melvins, they're a band that can do anything
they want to do. It's never the same thing. You can tell someone to
check out Boris and they'll pick up one of the drone records, and
they'll be "What the hell is this?!"
A: I think we're all of a similar mentality. We're all influenced by the
Melvins. I saw the Melvins in like '91, and they had the power of a
punk band, and they were just heavier than any band I'd ever heard -
part from Swans of Godflesh or something like that - as far as a rock
band, they were so fuckin' heavy. They changed everything for me. You
can be heavy without having this strict black and white. There's this
huge grey area in what they do. And with what we do. A lot of our newer
stuff is kind of Krautrock-y
S: Very driving, very repetitive, very psychedelic. It's all over the board, but still sounds like us.
Is this change a reflection of the things you've been listening to more recently?
S: Just trying different things, and just progressing as a band.
A: It's about keeping yourself excited as well. There are certain bands
who can do formulaic stuff really well, like AC/DC are still just
crushing faces all around the world. It's the obvious example, but when
you're writing songs and playing live you do it to please yourself.
R: We haven't changed that much as a band. The production's changed, and
maybe the songwriting slightly, but we haven't changed as much as
people make out. People are like "Oh, you guys have turned into a total
pop band now" but we were kind of a total pop band before.
A: When people say that, I'm like "You didn't hear that from the beginning?!' It's always been there.
S:
You're damned if you do and damned if you don't. People want you to
write the same record over and over again, but then when you do, they're
like "Aw, it's the same thing!" But we've been pretty lucky to have
such a dedicated fan base. Everyone has a different favourite record,
which is cool. We don't want to be one of these bands that writes the
same record over and over. Like Mogwai...
A: It's a similar vibe. I don't know what
their MO is, but maybe they're still trying to perfect a certain ideal,
and they want to try it again, and try it again. Some of the reviews for
our new record were all "It's cool, but it's just the same" and some
were "It's cool, but shit's totally changed".
S: Vice magazine said we'd changed too much, then Pitchfork said we hadn't changed enough.
What's the best band you've played live with?
S: Harvey Milk is one.
A: Big Business.
R: Part Chimp. Boris. We've been lucky, we've toured with a load of great bands.
A: We toured with Jesu.
Volcom had a 'Name a Metal Band' competition on the Sidewalk forum. What do you think of some of these? (I show the band the list)
R: 'Necropaedophilia'? Is that fucking dead children? Jesus, God...
A: 'Haha! 'Endoscope Periscope'!
S: I like 'Rectal Suffocation'...
'Dangerwankk Mumfukk'! 'Pout at the Devil'! Hahahaha! Oh, God... 'Frozen
Mammoth', 'Stillborn Grandma', 'Chainmail Sexbeast'? Haha...
'inFANTASYde', that's clever. 'Cradle of Milf'! Haha!
A: 'Prison Jism Power Shower'! Dude... That can be Steve's side project. Those are fucking amazing. This is so good. (A member of venue staff comes in, and immediately leaves)
A: He was offended.
What did you listen to in the van today?
R: The Chameleons today. Trans Am.
S: Rectal Suffocation...
A: Amps For Christ, Psychic TV...
R: Godflesh. It's all over the place. Japanese noise punk - Attack SS
S: Cock Sparrer, Black Flag, Deicide... Do any of you skate?
R:
Absolutely. I don't skate so much now, what with all the touring and
stuff... I'm just scared of hurting myself now actually. I kinda had to
stop when I broke my finger. I broke my finger and I realised I couldn't
play. There were a couple of dudes down in Florida when I was growing
up that used to skate for Element, so they'd always have product in the
trunk. That was how I used to get a lot of my stuff. It's hard for me to
not get on a skateboard and mess around when somebody has one, but I
just can't right now. If I hurt myself I'm out of work.
What two musicians would you like to see fight each other?
R: I want to see Dale Bozzio kick the shit out of Lady Gaga.
They're both men, anyway...
S: Haha!
A: Aw, dude! Dale's awesome. Lady Gaga sucks.
S: I think just Madonna and Lady Gaga would be satisfactory. I just want
to see Lady Gaga get the shit beat out of her. I feel I want to see a
lot of musicians get the shit kicked out of them, by anyone. I want to
see a bunch a metalcore bands fight each other and kill each other off. I
hate those flat-ironed haircuts. What's the best non-musical thing you've bought on eBay?
S: I don't think I've ever bought anything on eBay that wasn't music related.
R: 'The Orkly Kid', with Crispin Glover in it, on VHS.
A: I collect - when I have money - old tobacco pipes. It's the most
Spinal Tap shit ever. You can buy them all crusty and beat up, and I'm
pretty good at fixing them up, and making them look new-ish. Then you
sell them and make money. I had fifty or so before I moved from Atlanta
to St. Louis. Made a bit of loot...
Torche are recording a new album for Volcom this Winter, for a late 2013 release, and are touring Europe again in June.
BITE MY WIRE, your top-selling skateboard gossip monthly, was able to
negotiate this WORLD EXCLUSIVE print interview with the HOTTEST new rap
talent on the block - the enigma that is JEREME 'J. CASSANOVA' ROGERS! Jereme
spoke candidly to our man, revealing his innermost thoughts, from
personal philosophy to his sleazy secrets as a bed-hopping SEX ADDICT!
We get the scoop on Jereme's SENSATIONAL move
into music, how it is to OWN his own company and his remarkable REFUSAL
to retire from professional skateboarding after his SHOCKING split from
Girl!
How are you finding it being a musician, a pro skateboarder and a company owner?
I eat, though I am not an eater. I talk, though I am not a talker. I am not
what I do, nor confined to what I do. I am a human being. At the core, I
am formless... Skateboarding, music and good business are just some
of the few things I do as a human. My strength and identity is inside and comes from nothing external.
Hip-hop's coming back into skateboarding. It was all shitty
indie rock for a while, but now people are skating to hip-hop again.
Obviously there's Lil Wayne putting his rap career on hold to skate. How
do you think this change came about? You were kinda ahead of that.
First off, thank you... Secondly, change always comes about. I have
definitely noticed skateboarders more openly claiming to make music,
rapping, etc. I was definitely the first from skating to actually openly
pursue music so head on with the ambition I did... But if anything, what I
wish is that all things I do to inspire in man, is freedom from
fear.
What's the longest you've gone without stepping on a skateboard since you started?
One year. When I retired in June of 2009, I didn't skate once or even own a board until the following June, 2010.
What's the longest you've gone without fucking a girl?
It's been a while... I don't fuck anymore, I make love. That does not mean
that it's slow with candles lit every time, or that there must be
wedding vows or commitments, but that it is pure; an act of Love.
There's married men who've never made love to their wife. The only
difference in the act, is the internal experience, whether one is
viewing their partner in a derogatory fashion, or purely; with Love. One
leaves you feeling unfulfilled, the other; inspired.
Do you ever fuck the same girl twice?
I have, but naturally this question is slightly cancelled out by my last answer.
What was the first album you owned? Do you still like it?
It was a Memphis Bleek album that I won mixed in with some other stuff at a skate contest. And no. Hahaha!
Do you go to shows?
I've been to some, but definitely don't make it a point to go.
People look at stuff in the street and think about how good it'd be to
skate. Do you check out which rooftops would be good for getting naked
on?
It's the only way to do it right.
Who do you want to do a song with? Have you asked them? Anybody cool asked you to work with them?
Everybody good, no, and yes... But I'm gonna work with everybody I
want. I'm in control of my destiny as much as a man has ever been.
Would you be happy for some people to see you as a skateboarder, and for
some people to see you as an artist? Or should everybody appreciate
that you're both?
There's nothing that everybody should, only things that everybody
could, and I would be happiest if people saw me as I am. But vision
is clouded by fear, and opened by Love. People can only see me as they
see themselves. It takes doubt in self to doubt someone else; love of
self, to love anyone else; and hate in self, to hate anyone else. All
starts with self, and ends with everyone else.
Which gets you most girls?
Freedom... Freedom from fear attracts all humans, men and women alike.
You're smarter than a lot of people think. Does it
depress you to see some of the reactions to stuff you do? Or do you do
stuff to wind people up?
Nothing outside of me has power over what's inside of me. If you let
external circumstances affect the state of your internal life, you'll
have no power over your external life. Internal power is the leading
cause of external power. You must first feel you are, before you
are... If you let what's outside of you have any effect on what you feel
you are, you'll never be what you want. By saying "You made me upset" -
or made me anything, you're forfeiting your power over self, and
giving that power to someone else.
What's Pink Dolphin? Nobody in the UK knows what that is.
I don't either, it's just some brand that gave me free clothes and I wore them over dirty ones.
Who else do you think would be a good fit on Selfish?
I don't... I think little, plan less. I live in the moment; present. What
matters most is feeling, and my thoughts are aligned with my
feelings. When someone feels right, it will be because they are.
Why did Selfish go to France, and not the UK?
I've been to the UK, more than once I believe...I've filled three
passports. My travel exploits are quite a blur, all of which I'm
grateful for and have had a positive effect on my internal make up.
What set up do you use for making music?
Pro Tools... Industry standard shit
How long does it take you to make a track?
One sitting, whether it takes 30 minutes, or several hours, it's still
done in one sitting. I come back to tracks for mixing and tracking,
but never for vocals or writing, that's all done in one sitting or not
done at all. And I don't actually write, I let it come to me
naturally... It never sees the light of day on a pad or phone or any
other place outside of my own mind.
How much music are you sitting on? Is there going to be a J. Cassanova album?
Of course. I'm always steps ahead of whatever content I got out. That's
just how it goes for anyone who wishes to continue doing what they're
doing. You must remain ahead of what you're perceived as or they'll stop
caring to make any perceptions of you at all.
Did you ever prank call a shop and pretend you were your own soundboard?
No, but I did listen to some of the prank calls made with it, and all bias-ness aside, they were thoroughly entertaining.
Why did you say you weren't getting royalties from Girl?
I was getting my cheque, just not my actual royalties. I got a three
thousand dollar guarantee a month, which operated as a minimum; meaning I
get that no matter what, but if I sell over the minimum, I get the
extras - royalties kick in. Thing is, everyone on the brand got that
same minimum, I believe on Chocolate as well. But everybody wasn't
breaking that minimum, which means it costs them money... Which is wrote
off as marketing costs. Though some of us were breaking it, myself being
one of them. Zumiez (big U.S. skateboard chain-retailer) told me I was one of their top three sellers for
years. So what had happened was, they were letting my royalties fall
back into the company to cover their overhead, which helped keep a boat
afloat that had some leaks. For two years I apparently didn't break my
three thousand dollar minimum, yet Zumiez alone - who I was a top three
seller for those same two years - had over three hundred stores in the
U.S. If I sold ten boards a month to each of their three hundred
locations - which is not a lot of boards for one of their top three
sellers to move each month in a mall shop - then that would equate for
six thousand dollars a month at two dollars a board, just off Zumiez.
Don't forget, we're taking about Girl here who sells all around the
world. So clearing a three thousand dollar minimum was not an issue. I
was rookie of the year that year, 2006... I was also the highest rank
street skater. Yet somehow, I was still not clearing my, what was at the
time, measly minimum. So I inappropriately blurted out at Tampa 2007,
after getting second to Koston, who had a flawed run, against mine which
was flawless, that all I wanted was my royalties, when Rick Howard asked
what I wanted after doing so well. The following month I got a six
thousand dollar cheque... The first time I broke my three thousand dollar
minimum, "apparently", and on top of that, it was April; tax time.
Coincidence... Sure.
How much do you pay your team?
We give them double the industry standard... Which is two dollars a board. We give them four.
I heard you lurk on a certain skateboard forum... Would that be right?
I don't lurk. I don't kill time, I cherish it. But God bless you guys, I
hope the forum is awesome, and I will gladly read every comment
after this to see what you magnificent humans have to say.
Can people send you beats?
People can do whatever they want if they apply the right mind, principles, and passion to it.
Jon Horner made this into a brilliant comic. See the full-size version here.
Cheers for doing this Jereme. Massive thanks also to the brilliant Andy Smoke and Jon Horner for the illustration and the comic. Andy drew Jereme's last Selfish graphic, and loads more of his work can be found on his blog, here. Jon draws all sorts of amazing things, and his blog can be found here.